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Cohl - WikipediaÉmile Cohl. Young Émile Cohl.

Born. January 4, 1. Paris, France. Died. January 2. 0, 1. 93.

Paris, France. Nationality. French. Notable work. Le Peintre néo- impressionniste. Movement. Hydropathes, Incoherent Movement.

Spouse(s)unknown spouse, Suzanne Delpy (June 1. Patron(s)André GillÉmile Cohl (French: [kol]; January 4, 1. January 2. 0, 1. 93. Eugène Jean Louis Courtet, was a French caricaturist of the largely forgotten Incoherent Movement, cartoonist, and animator, called "The Father of the Animated Cartoon" and "The Oldest Parisian".

Biography[edit]Émile's father Elie was a rubber salesman, and his mother, Emilie Laure, was a linen seamstress. The rubber factory Elie worked for had many ups and downs, causing the family to move from one home in Paris to another. Early years[edit]Émile saw little of his father during his childhood, and lived with his ailing mother until her death in 1.

In 1. 86. 4, at the age of 7, he was enrolled at the Ecole professionnelle de Pantin, a boarding school known as the Institute Vaudron after its founder. There his artistic talents were discovered and encouraged. The next year, a cold kept him in his father's apartment, where he began stamp collecting, a hobby that would become his sole source of income several times in his life. The chaos caused by the Franco- Prussian War and the following siege of Paris led to the closing of Elie Courtet's factory. Ecole Turgot, but his lessons were soon forgotten as the teenager wandered the streets of Paris to watch history being made. He made two discoveries that in time that became the controlling elements of his life: Guignol puppet theater and political caricature. Guignol was a form of drama (usually involving love triangles) where the characters were played by marionettes.

A subtype of the Guignol was Fantoche, a form of puppetry where the puppeteer's head was stuck through a hole in a black sheet with a small puppet body underneath. Political caricature had begun in France during the Second Empire, but had been suppressed by Napoleon III. During the free- for- all weeks of the Commune (all eleven of them), the caricaturists were free to post broadsheets on the streets for all to see. The center of this activity was the Rue du Croissant, only blocks from the Ecole Turgot. In 1. 87. 2, Elie Courtet placed his 1. Cherbourg regiment, and drew some more.

Elie placed him with a maritime insurance broker. Bohemian lifestyle, and if necessary, going hungry. Years with André Gill[edit]In 1. Carjat to approach André Gill, the best- known caricaturist of the day, for a job.

Gill had made his fame a decade earlier by publishing La Lune, a periodical critical of Napoleon III. His presses were smashed and he was incarcerated. He started La Lune Rousse in 1. By this time, he had moved beyond attacking individuals to making observations on the ludicrousness of conformist bourgeois values in general. However, the government was becoming increasingly liberal, leaving him with few big- name targets. As a result, La Lune Rousse closed in 1. Courtet's job as one of several assistants to Gill was to complete the backgrounds; he may have done a few of the illustrations by himself. Watch Cataclysm Online Fandango.

During this process, the young man developed a style of caricature based on Gill's. Gill's trademark was the large, recognizable head of the target (with a fairly benign expression) atop a small puppet body (doing something ridiculous). Clearly, it was based on Fantoche puppetry. Guignol puppetry. At about this time he adopted the pseudonym of Émile Cohl. The meaning of "Cohl" is obscure: it may be from the pigment known as "kohl", or perhaps it means that Émile stuck to his mentor Gill like glue ("colle" in French).

Perhaps it was chosen because it sounded exotic. The visual signature of a paste- pot appears in a few of Cohl's caricatures. Adolphe Thiers was succeeded as president by Patrice Mac. Mahon, duc de Magenta, a conservative monarchist who had been at Sedan.

He became steadily less popular under the assault of caricatures. One of these, "Aveugle par Ac- Sedan", a French pun on "accidentally blind" and "Bungler at Sedan", put its creator, Émile Cohl, in jail on October 1. Three months later, Mac.

Mahon resigned in disgrace—the caricaturists liked to believe that they were responsible. He was succeeded by Jules Grévy, who transferred real power from the post of president to the prime minister and legislature. This led to a period of internal stability and prosperity for France.

Through Gill, Cohl had become acquainted with an artistic circle calling themselves the Hydropathes. The group was united by various "modern" ideas and a love of poetry.

The group, like many others of the time, based most of their activities on shocking people. As a result of his new- found fame, Cohl was named editor of the group's spokes- piece, L'Hydropathe, on October 2. At about this time Émile's estranged father died, leaving him a modest legacy. Cohl set out to discover his abilities, writing and producing two satiric plays that did very poorly.

The co- author of both plays was Norés (pseudonym of Edouard Norés), an American who had been an architect before giving up his former life for Bohemianism on the banks of the Seine. Besides a strong friendship, Norés taught Cohl English, a useful skill later on. End of the Hydropathes[edit]Émile Cohl married on November 1.

At the same time, André Gill was committed to the Charenton mental asylum. He managed to recover in a few months and in 1. Le Fou (The Madman) to the Salon.

The painting's poor reception by the artists of the Salon sent him back to Charenton. Meanwhile, the Hydropathes had disbanded in 1. Their place in Cohl's life was replaced by the Incoherents. The group was founded by Jules Lévy, who coined the phrase "les arts incohérents" as a contrast to the common expression "les arts décoratifs". The Incoherents were even less politically minded than the Hydropathes. Their slogan was "Gaity is properly French, so let's be French".

The focus was absurdism, nightmares, and the drawing style of children. Cohl's Incoherent art joined his caricatures and satiric news reporting at La Nouvelle Lune, where he had become the major contributor and acting editor. He became editor in chief on November 3.

By November 1. 88. Incoherents had become so big that an exhibit was arranged at the Vivienne Gallery, open to the public. It was called "an exhibition of drawings by people who do not know how to draw." Émile Cohl's contribution was titled Portrait garanti ressemblant (Portrait—Resemblance Guaranteed). The exhibit accepted any and all entries, so long as they were not obscene or serious.

The public was taken with the show, and the profits were donated to public assistance. There was a second show in 1. Cohl went as an artichoke). In 1. 88. 6, Cohl produced his most bizarre and characteristic work in the Incoherent vein: Abus des metaphors, a collection of more than a dozen colorful expressions brought to life.

Death of André Gill[edit]Cohl's personal life was nowhere as rosy as his professional life would suggest, despite the birth of his daughter Marcelle Andrée in May 1. André Gill never recovered his sanity, and after a few months Charenton seized his property and drawings, auctioning them off to pay their bills.

Cohl was unable to keep his hero in the public eye. André Gill died on May Day, 1.

Cohl by his side. Cohl never forgot Gill's desertion by his friends and the public. The Incoherent movement collapsed in 1. After the collapse of his marriage, Cohl moved to London to work for Pick Me Up, a humor magazine that specialized in French artists (he left his long- standing second job as a philatelist at this time). He returned to Paris in June 1. Suzanne Delpy, the daughter of one of André Gill's followers.

Their son André Jean was born on November 8, 1. By this time, Cohl had moved away from caricature, sending humorous drawings to bicycle magazines, family magazines, and children's magazines. He also wrote articles on French history, stamps, and fishing.