Zika fever - Wikipedia. Watch Back To The Woods Download. Zika fever. Synonyms.

Zika virus disease, Zika, Zika virus infection. Rash during Zika fever infection. Pronunciation. Specialty.

Infectious disease. Symptoms. Fever, red eyes, joint pain, headache, maculopapular rash[1][2][3]Complications. During pregnancy can cause microcephaly, Guillain–Barré syndrome[4][5][6]Duration. Less than a week[2]Causes. Zika virus mainly spread by mosquitoes[2]Diagnostic method.

Testing blood, urine, or saliva for viral RNA or blood for antibodies[1][2]Similar conditions. Chikungunya, malaria, dengue, leptospirosis, measles[7]Prevention. Decreasing mosquito bites, condoms[2][8]Treatment. Supportive care[2]Deaths. None during initial infection[4]Zika fever, also known as Zika virus disease or simply Zika, is an infectious disease caused by the Zika virus.[1] Most cases have no symptoms, but when present they are usually mild and can resemble dengue fever.[1][4] Symptoms may include fever, red eyes, joint pain, headache, and a maculopapular rash.[1][2][3] Symptoms generally last less than seven days.[2] It has not caused any reported deaths during the initial infection.[4]Mother- to- child transmission during pregnancy can cause microcephaly and other brain malformations in some babies.[5][6] Infections in adults have been linked to Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS).[4]Zika fever is mainly spread via the bite of mosquitoes of the Aedes type.[2] It can also be sexually transmitted and potentially spread by blood transfusions.[2][8] Infections in pregnant women can spread to the baby.[5][6][9] Diagnosis is by testing the blood, urine, or saliva for the presence of the virus's RNA when the person is sick, or the blood for antibodies after symptoms are present more than a week.[1][2]Prevention involves decreasing mosquito bites in areas where the disease occurs and proper use of condoms.[2][8] Efforts to prevent bites include the use of insect repellent, covering much of the body with clothing, mosquito nets, and getting rid of standing water where mosquitoes reproduce.[1] There is no effective vaccine.[2] Health officials recommended that women in areas affected by the 2. Zika outbreak consider putting off pregnancy and that pregnant women not travel to these areas.[2][1. While there is no specific treatment, paracetamol (acetaminophen) may help with the symptoms.[2] Admission to hospital is rarely necessary.[4]The virus that causes the disease was first isolated in Africa in 1.

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The first documented outbreak among people occurred in 2. Federated States of Micronesia.[2] An outbreak started in Brazil in 2. Americas, Pacific, Asia, and Africa.[1. This led to the World Health Organization declared it a Public Health Emergency of International Concern in February 2. The emergency was lifted in November 2.

March 2. 01. 7.[1. Video explanation of Zika virus and Zika fever. Signs and symptoms[edit]. Rash on an arm due to Zika fever. Most people who are infected have no or few symptoms.[1. Otherwise the most common signs and symptoms of Zika fever are fever, rash, conjunctivitis (red eyes), muscle and joint pain, and headache, which are similar to signs and symptoms of dengue and chikungunya fever.[1.

The time from a mosquito bite to developing symptoms is not yet known, but is probably a few days to a week.[1. The disease lasts for several days to a week and is usually mild enough that people do not have to go to a hospital.[1][1. Due to being in the same family as dengue, there has been concern that it could cause similar bleeding disorders. However that has only been documented in one case, with blood seen in semen, also known as hematospermia.[1.

Guillain–Barré syndrome[edit]Zika virus infections have been strongly associated with Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS), which is a rapid onset of muscle weakness caused by the immune system damaging the peripheral nervous system, and which can progress to paralysis.[1. While both GBS and Zika infection can simultaneously occur in the same individual, it is difficult to definitively identify Zika virus as the cause of GBS.[2. Several countries affected by Zika outbreaks have reported increases in the rate of new cases of GBS. During the 2. 01. French Polynesia there were 4. GBS over a 3- month period, compared to between 3 and 1.

Pregnancy[edit]The disease spreads from mother to child in the womb and can cause multiple problems, most notably microcephaly, in the baby. The full range of birth defects caused by infection during pregnancy is not known, but they appear to be common, with large scale abnormalities seen in up to 4. The most common observed associations have been abnormalities with brain and eye development such as microcephaly and chorioretinal scarring.[2. Less commonly there have been systemic abnormalities such as hydrops fetalis, where there is abnormal accumulation of fluid in the fetus.[2.

These abnormalities can lead to intellectual problems, seizures, vision problems, hearing problems, problems feeding and slow development.[2. Whether the stage of pregnancy at which the mother becomes infected affects the risk to the fetus is not well understood, nor is whether other risk factors affect outcomes.[5][6][9] One group has estimated the risk of a baby developing microcephaly at about 1% when the mother is infected during the first trimester, with the risk of developing microcephaly is uncertain beyond the first trimester.[2. Affected babies might appear normal but actually have brain abnormalities; infection in newborns could also lead to brain damage.[2. Reservoir[edit]Zika virus is a mosquito- borneflavivirus closely related to the dengue and yellow fever viruses.

While mosquitoes are the vector, the main reservoir species remains unknown, though serological evidence has been found in both West African monkeys and rodents.[3. Transmission[edit]Transmission is via the bite of mosquitoes from the Aedes genus, primarily Aedes aegypti in tropical regions. It has also been isolated from Ae. Ae. apicoargenteus, Ae. Ae. Albopictus,[3. Ae. vittatus and Ae. During the 2. 00.

Yap Island in the South Pacific, Aedes hensilli was the vector, while Aedes polynesiensis spread the virus in French Polynesia in 2. Zika virus can also spread by sexual transmission from infected men to their partners.[3. Zika virus has been isolated from semen samples, with one person having 1. It is unclear why levels in semen can be higher than other body fluids, and it is also unclear how long infectious virus can remain in semen. There have also been cases of men with no symptoms of Zika virus infection transmitting the disease.[4. The CDC has recommended that all men who have travelled to affected areas should wait at least 6 months before trying to attempt conception, regardless of if they were ill.[4. To date there have been no reported sexual transmissions from women to their sexual partners.[3.

Oral, anal or vaginal sex can spread the disease.[4. Cases of vertical perinatal transmission have been reported.[4. The CDC recommends that women with Zika fever should wait at least 8 weeks after they start having symptoms of disease before attempting to conceive.[4. There have been no reported cases of transmission from breastfeeding, but infectious virus has been found in breast milk.[4. Like other flaviviruses it could potentially be transmitted by blood transfusion and several affected countries have developed strategies to screen blood donors.[1. The U. S. FDA has recommended universal screening of blood products for Zika.[4.

The virus is detected in 3% of asymptomatic blood donors in French Polynesia.[4. Pathophysiology[edit]The pathophysiology of Zika- induced microcephaly is not known and was a subject of active research as of the end of 2.

Diagnosis[edit]It is difficult to diagnose Zika virus infection based on clinical signs and symptoms alone due to overlaps with other arboviruses that are endemic to similar areas.[1.

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